Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Salian shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Salian offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Salian at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Salian? Wrong! If the Salian is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Salian then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Salian? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Salian and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Salian wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Salian then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Salian site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Salian, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Salian, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
The
Salian dynasty was a
dynasty in the
High Middle Ages of four
List of German Kings and Emperors#Kings (1024-1125), also known as the
Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of Franconia. All of these kings were also crowned
Holy Roman Emperor (1027-
1125), to which entity, the term
'Salic dynasty' also refers, as a separate term.
After the death of the last saxon of the Ottonian Dynasty in 1024, first the elected crown of
'King of Germany' and then three years later the
prince-elector of Holy Roman Empire both passed to the first monarch of the
List of German monarchs in the person of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, the only son of Henry of Speyer, both territories in the Franconia of the era. He was elected
King of Germany in 1024 and crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire on 26 March 1027.
The four Salian kings of the dynasty — Conrad II,
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor,
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor — ruled the Holy Roman Empire from
1027 to
1125, and firmly established their monarchy as a major European power. Their main accomplishment was the development of a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.
Origins
The ancestral dynasty was founded by Werner of
Worms, Germany and his son Duke
Conrad the Red of Lorraine, who died in
955. Conrad the Red was married to Luitgard, a daughter of
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, their son was Otto I, Duke of Carinthia (ruled 978-1004).
Duke Otto's sons were Pope Gregory V, Conrad and
Henry of Speyer, count of
Speyer. Henry, count of Speyer, was the father of the first Salian Emperor Conrad II.
Pope Leo IX was a relative of the dynasty as well, since his grandfather Hugo III was the brother of Adelheid, the grandmother of
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ruling in the Holy Roman Empire
A principal reason for the success of the early Salians was their alliance with the church, a policy begun by Otto I, which gave them the material support they needed to subdue rebellious dukes. In time, however, the church came to regret this close relationship. The relationship broke down in 1075 during what came to be known as the Investiture Controversy (or
Investiture Dispute), a struggle in which the reformist pope, Pope Gregory VII, demanded that Henry IV renounce his rights over the German church. The pope also attacked the concept of monarchy by divine right and gained the support of significant elements of the German nobility interested in limiting imperial absolutism. More important, the pope forbade church officials under pain of excommunication to support Henry as they had so freely done in the past. In the end, Henry journeyed to Canossa in northern Italy in 1077 to do penance and to receive absolution from the pope. However, he resumed the practice of lay investiture (appointment of religious officials by civil authorities) and arranged the election of an antipope.
The monarch's struggle with the papacy resulted in a war that ravaged through the Holy Roman Empire from 1077 until the Concordat of Worms in
1122. This agreement stipulated that the pope was to appoint high church officials but gave the German king the right to veto the papal choices. Imperial control of Italy was lost for a time, and the imperial crown became dependent on the political support of competing aristocratic factions. Feudalism also became more widespread as freemen sought protection by swearing allegiance to a lord. These powerful local rulers, having thereby acquired extensive territories and large military retinues, took over administration within their territories and organized it around an increasing number of castles. The most powerful of these local rulers came to be called princes rather than dukes.
According to the laws of the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, the king had no claims on the vassals of the other princes, only on those living within his family's territory. Lacking the support of the formerly independent vassals and weakened by the increasing hostility of the church, the monarchy lost its preeminence. Thus, the Investiture Contest strengthened local power in the Holy Roman Empire in contrast to what was happening in France and England, where the growth of a centralized royal power was under way. The Investiture Contest had an additional effect. The long struggle between emperor and pope hurt the Holy Roman Empire's intellectual life, in this period largely confined to monasteries, and the empire no longer led or even kept pace with developments occurring in France and Italy. For instance, no universities were founded in the Holy Roman Empire until the fourteenth century.
The first
Hohenstaufen king
Conrad III was a grandson of the Salian Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. (The heiress of Salian family territories were issue of
Agnes of Waiblingen, Henry IV's daughter and Henry V's sister: her first marriage produced the royal and imperial
Hohenstaufen dynasty and her second marriage the ducal
Babenberg potentates of
Duchy of Austria which was elevated much due to such connections
Privilegium Minus.)
Salian Emperors
Their regnal dates as emperor are confused by the issue of election and subsequent
coronation.
References
The
Salian dynasty was a
dynasty in the
High Middle Ages of four List of German Kings and Emperors#Kings (1024-1125), also known as the
Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of
Franconia. All of these kings were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor (
1027-
1125), to which entity, the term
'Salic dynasty' also refers, as a separate term.
After the death of the last saxon of the Ottonian Dynasty in 1024, first the elected crown of
'King of Germany' and then three years later the prince-elector of Holy Roman Empire both passed to the first monarch of the List of German monarchs in the person of
Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, the only son of Henry of Speyer, both territories in the Franconia of the
era. He was elected King of Germany in 1024 and crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire on 26 March 1027.
The four Salian kings of the dynasty — Conrad II, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor — ruled the Holy Roman Empire from
1027 to
1125, and firmly established their monarchy as a major European power. Their main accomplishment was the development of a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.
Origins
The ancestral dynasty was founded by Werner of Worms, Germany and his son Duke
Conrad the Red of Lorraine, who died in
955. Conrad the Red was married to Luitgard, a daughter of
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, their son was
Otto I, Duke of Carinthia (ruled 978-1004).
Duke Otto's sons were Pope Gregory V,
Conrad and
Henry of Speyer, count of Speyer. Henry, count of Speyer, was the father of the first Salian Emperor
Conrad II.
Pope Leo IX was a relative of the dynasty as well, since his grandfather Hugo III was the brother of Adelheid, the grandmother of
Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.
Ruling in the Holy Roman Empire
A principal reason for the success of the early Salians was their alliance with the church, a policy begun by Otto I, which gave them the material support they needed to subdue rebellious dukes. In time, however, the church came to regret this close relationship. The relationship broke down in
1075 during what came to be known as the
Investiture Controversy (or
Investiture Dispute), a struggle in which the reformist pope,
Pope Gregory VII, demanded that Henry IV renounce his rights over the German church. The pope also attacked the concept of monarchy by divine right and gained the support of significant elements of the German nobility interested in limiting imperial absolutism. More important, the pope forbade church officials under pain of excommunication to support Henry as they had so freely done in the past. In the end, Henry journeyed to Canossa in northern
Italy in
1077 to do penance and to receive absolution from the pope. However, he resumed the practice of lay investiture (appointment of religious officials by civil authorities) and arranged the election of an antipope.
The monarch's struggle with the papacy resulted in a war that ravaged through the Holy Roman Empire from 1077 until the
Concordat of Worms in 1122. This agreement stipulated that the pope was to appoint high church officials but gave the German king the right to veto the papal choices. Imperial control of Italy was lost for a time, and the imperial crown became dependent on the political support of competing aristocratic factions. Feudalism also became more widespread as freemen sought protection by swearing allegiance to a lord. These powerful local rulers, having thereby acquired extensive territories and large military retinues, took over administration within their territories and organized it around an increasing number of castles. The most powerful of these local rulers came to be called princes rather than dukes.
According to the laws of the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, the king had no claims on the vassals of the other princes, only on those living within his family's territory. Lacking the support of the formerly independent vassals and weakened by the increasing hostility of the church, the monarchy lost its preeminence. Thus, the Investiture Contest strengthened local power in the Holy Roman Empire in contrast to what was happening in France and England, where the growth of a centralized royal power was under way. The Investiture Contest had an additional effect. The long struggle between emperor and pope hurt the Holy Roman Empire's intellectual life, in this period largely confined to monasteries, and the empire no longer led or even kept pace with developments occurring in France and Italy. For instance, no universities were founded in the Holy Roman Empire until the fourteenth century.
The first
Hohenstaufen king
Conrad III was a grandson of the Salian
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. (The heiress of Salian family territories were issue of
Agnes of Waiblingen, Henry IV's daughter and Henry V's sister: her first marriage produced the royal and imperial Hohenstaufen dynasty and her second marriage the ducal
Babenberg potentates of
Duchy of Austria which was elevated much due to such connections
Privilegium Minus.)
Salian Emperors
- Conrad II 1024-1039, emperor 1027
- Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor 1039-1056, emperor 1046
- Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 1056-1106 emperor 1084
- Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 1106-1125, emperor 1111
Their regnal dates as emperor are confused by the issue of election and subsequent
coronation.
References
Salian dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Salian dynasty was a dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings (1024-1125), also known as the Frankish dynasty after the family's origin and role as dukes of ...
Salian Commercial
Salian Commercial is based in St. Louis, Missouri and specializes in commercial construction services.
Salian Law - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Salian Law
Law adopted in the Middle Ages by several European royal houses, excluding women from succession to the throne. The name derives mistakenly from the Salian or northern division of ...
Salian Law definition of Salian Law in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Salian Law: see Germanic laws Germanic laws, customary law codes of the Germans before their contact with the Romans. They are unknown to us except through casual references of ...
Salian Commercial
Salian Commercial offers the most transparent construction management systems in the region. ... Salian Commercial * 8503 Mid County Industrial Drive. * Saint Louis, MO 63114 ...
Flickr: (salian)'s Photostream
salian)'s photostream Collections Sets Tags Map Archives Favorites Profile. Slideshow. Guest Passes let you share your photos that aren't public.
Flickr: (salian)
About (salian) / Sherryl Lian ← Photostream. I'm a rank amateur in photography, having just realized only late 2006 that cameras need not only be whipped out on New Years and ...
The Salian Century (Stefan Weinfurter) - book review
Main Currents in an Age of Transition | When Emperor Henry II died in 1024 without an heir, a new German king was elected, from a family that was later named Salian...
Salian - definition of Salian by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...
Sa·li·an (s l-n, s l y n) adj. Of or relating to a tribe of Franks who settled in the Rhine region of the Netherlands in the fourth century a.d. n.
SALIAN
SALIAN ... SALIAN. Marriage: Unknown General Notes: Origins of the Salian Line
